See pugio on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:pūgiō",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pūgiō\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pugio\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pugio\">\nBorrowed from Latin pūgiō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pūgiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugios",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugio (plural pugios)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 34:",
"text": "The Pugio or Dagger was used by the Romans, a species of that weapon called the Hand Seax was worn by the Saxons, with which they massacred the English on Salisbury Plain in 476.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dagger or poignard, especially the kind used by the Ancient Romans."
],
"id": "en-pugio-en-noun-sm4Xq6ix",
"links": [
[
"dagger",
"dagger"
],
[
"poignard",
"poignard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A dagger or poignard, especially the kind used by the Ancient Romans."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "pugio"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:pūgiō"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pūgiō\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"pugio\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }\" data-lang=\"it\" data-title=\"pugio\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūgiō"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin pūgiō",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pūgiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugione",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "pugio m (plural pugi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gio"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pù‧gio"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pugio"
],
"id": "en-pugio-it-noun-rt2dsPoN",
"links": [
[
"pugio",
"pugio#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.d͡ʒo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udʒo"
}
],
"word": "pugio"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "pugio"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "pugio"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"archaic"
],
"word": "pugione"
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"roman": "pigyón",
"word": "פגיון"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*pewǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-"
],
[
"pugnus",
"pugnus#Latin"
],
[
"pungō",
"pungo#Latin"
],
[
"πυγμή",
"πυγμή#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-, like pugnus (“fist”) and pungō (“to prick, puncture”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūgiō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnis",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnis",
"pugionis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiō",
"links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnēs",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnēs",
"pugiones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnis",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnis",
"pugionis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnum",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnum",
"pugionum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnī",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnī",
"pugioni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnibus",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnibus",
"pugionibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnem",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnem",
"pugionem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnēs",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnēs",
"pugiones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōne",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōne",
"pugione#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnibus",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnibus",
"pugionibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiō",
"links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnēs",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnēs",
"pugiones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūgiō<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "pūgiō m (genitive pūgiōnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūgiō<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "la:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pūgiunculus"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Many, who had struggled on to the walls, with their daggers they stabbed.",
"ref": "c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Historiae 4.29",
"text": "multōs in moenia ēgressōs pūgiōnibus fodere.",
"translation": "Many, who had struggled on to the walls, with their daggers they stabbed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata 14.33",
"roman": "strīdentem gelidīs hunc Salo tīnxit aquīs.",
"text": "Pūgio, quem curvā signat brevis orbita vēnā,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a dagger"
],
"id": "en-pugio-la-noun-jI2wg4Fv",
"links": [
[
"dagger",
"dagger"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuː.ɡi.oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuː.d͡ʒi.o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugio"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:pūgiō",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pūgiō\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pugio\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pugio\">\nBorrowed from Latin pūgiō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pūgiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugios",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugio (plural pugios)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Ancient Rome",
"en:Weapons"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 34:",
"text": "The Pugio or Dagger was used by the Romans, a species of that weapon called the Hand Seax was worn by the Saxons, with which they massacred the English on Salisbury Plain in 476.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dagger or poignard, especially the kind used by the Ancient Romans."
],
"links": [
[
"dagger",
"dagger"
],
[
"poignard",
"poignard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A dagger or poignard, especially the kind used by the Ancient Romans."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "pugio"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:pūgiō"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pūgiō\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"pugio\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }\" data-lang=\"it\" data-title=\"pugio\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūgiō"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin pūgiō",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pūgiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugione",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "pugio m (plural pugi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gio"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pù‧gio"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Italian entries with etymon",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Italian/udʒo",
"Rhymes:Italian/udʒo/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"pugio"
],
"links": [
[
"pugio",
"pugio#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.d͡ʒo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udʒo"
}
],
"word": "pugio"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pūgiunculus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "pugio"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "pugio"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"archaic"
],
"word": "pugione"
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"roman": "pigyón",
"word": "פגיון"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*pewǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-"
],
[
"pugnus",
"pugnus#Latin"
],
[
"pungō",
"pungo#Latin"
],
[
"πυγμή",
"πυγμή#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-, like pugnus (“fist”) and pungō (“to prick, puncture”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pūgiō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnis",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnis",
"pugionis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiō",
"links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnēs",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnēs",
"pugiones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnis",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnis",
"pugionis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnum",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnum",
"pugionum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnī",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnī",
"pugioni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnibus",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnibus",
"pugionibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnem",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnem",
"pugionem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnēs",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnēs",
"pugiones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōne",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōne",
"pugione#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnibus",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnibus",
"pugionibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiō",
"links": [
[
"pūgiō",
"pugio#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūgiōnēs",
"links": [
[
"pūgiōnēs",
"pugiones#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūgiō<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "pūgiō m (genitive pūgiōnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pūgiō<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Weapons"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Many, who had struggled on to the walls, with their daggers they stabbed.",
"ref": "c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Historiae 4.29",
"text": "multōs in moenia ēgressōs pūgiōnibus fodere.",
"translation": "Many, who had struggled on to the walls, with their daggers they stabbed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata 14.33",
"roman": "strīdentem gelidīs hunc Salo tīnxit aquīs.",
"text": "Pūgio, quem curvā signat brevis orbita vēnā,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a dagger"
],
"links": [
[
"dagger",
"dagger"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuː.ɡi.oː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuː.d͡ʒi.o]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugio"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pugio meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.